Lithium-ion batteries in the Shenzhou VII spacecraft on the successful application of companion star, is the world’s first third-generation space-storage Power - Lithium-ion batteries in the country for the first time on the spacecraft. It shows that China, following the United States, Europe, the future has become the world’s first 4 can independently control room with lithium-ion battery energy storage technology, the country, creating a power of China’s space technology development of the new era of storage. And this lithium-ion battery is developed by the space 811.
The first generation: Ni-Cd batteries to achieve a zero breakthrough in
811 is the one of the few professional Space Power Institute of Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation is also the only one Space Power Institute of. Over the years, exploring spacecraft energy storage power supply application and development has achieved impressive success.
As early as age 70 in the last century, the state issued a meteorological satellite FY-development of its mission, the mission to develop the burden of power system handed over to 811. What kind of chemical use as a long-life battery power storage of meteorological satellites do? Time more mature silver zinc batteries. It has 70 carrier rocket early storm on the 1st and the sky on the 1st technical test satellites used. It is higher than the energy, reaching 100 ~ 150wh/kg, but his fatal disadvantage of short life span (only the cycle life of more than 100 weeks), poor low temperature performance (5 ℃ below will not be able to adapt to the environment). Apart from a few days, up to 10 days of recoverable satellites and spacecraft, the zinc-silver batteries have been clearly eliminated.
After a period of research, determination of 811 newly opened stove, place their hopes in the development of energy storage as the first generation of space-power nickel-cadmium battery body. Because it highlights the advantage of Ni-Cd battery charge and discharge cycle life long, to meet the high orbit 8 years, low-orbit 3 - 5-year requirement. The aim of beginning a full-sintering 12Ah sealed battery rectangle objectives, high standards, high starting point! However, the real movement joined forces to challenge everywhere. In order to clarify the key technical principles and tips, but also took several twists and turns. Many parts of the crude and hard work: with more than a dozen layers of gauze masks against the composition of screening black dust caused by rolling; 30 several times in the seventy to eighty degrees in a hot day even standing next to a test of the sintering furnace after … … 10 years of unremitting efforts eventually succeed. Developed 12Ah sealed nickel-cadmium batteries, meteorological satellites to meet the general requirements given by the book design task. September 7, 1988 FY-star A successful launch and 38.5 days of successful operation marked the first generation of nickel-cadmium storage batteries, power products has made a good start. So far the Institute has developed a variety of space fully sealed Ni-Cd battery product line for the situation on the 1st, the situation on the 3rd meteorological satellites, resource on the 1st Sino-Pakistani cooperation in earth resource satellites, resource satellites II, practice on the 6th, practice on the 7th of satellite and innovation on the 1st communications satellite, remote sensing on the 1st, remote sensing satellites and Shenzhou-series spacecraft on the 3rd matching. At the same time, 811 developed nickel-cadmium batteries in Europe, the successful application of satellites to achieve our country’s space power supply products to the international market zero breakthrough!
The second generation: high-voltage Ni-MH battery technology a step further into the
However, with the task of aerospace development, space power long-life, light weight, high power, and constantly put forward new demands. Gradually the shortcomings of Ni-Cd batteries gradually exposed. Its service life is also long enough to weight ratio of energy is relatively high, and there is memory effect, likely to cause the capacity of battery production decline significantly lower. As a second generation of high-voltage power supply storage space for Ni-MH battery for this has been a huge development. Its weight is about more than the energy of the high nickel-cadmium is about 1 / 3; life expectancy much longer. To the 20th century, late 80s, most of the world have adopted GEO spacecraft in high-pressure Ni-MH batteries, a number of LEO spacecraft have begun to adopt. In order to undertake the research task of high-orbit satellites, 811 where the “75″ on the organization during the pre-research task force, after 85, 95 during the study, finally began in January 2004 to undertake a high-orbit satellites Dipper II Power System Development任务. From the pre-research to model task, 811 for the first time experienced the baptism of the product engineering. In the research and development, the Institute of Plastic Pressure seal technology features have been playing. Raw materials and fixed points, Subcontractor of choice, semi-technical conditions to develop, process tooling accreditation has done a lot of fruitful work. In January 2005 to complete a kind of design review, completed in October 2006 was kind of design review. At present, the flight is kind of star production of finished products, is launching stand. So far the Institute has formed a space for Ni-MH battery product line, and has been temple on the 1st and remote sensing satellite series, five models selected.
Third Generation: lithium-ion batteries a broader space for development
Spacecraft power systems accounted for a larger proportion of the weight of the whole satellite, sometimes as high as 25% - 40%. The most prominent is the stored energy power supply and battery part of the too much dumb. Ni-MH battery drawback is the volume ratio of the energy is too low. While in previous years, civil lithium-ion battery products in mobile phones, laptop computers and video cameras market, all-powerful champion. So the products began to enter the scientific and technical personnel’s attention. Cadmium nickel and Ni-MH battery compared to lithium-ion battery with high specific energy, high voltage, large depth of discharge, self-discharge rate is low, wide application temperature range, no memory effect, long cycle life, safety, a significant advantage and good . Guesses ran about, to provide the same energy, lithium-ion batteries, its weight and size will be smaller than half. If used in spacecraft, certainly a significant reduction in spacecraft power system weight and volume. Our understanding is very consistent, lithium-ion battery energy storage technology represents the power of the international space storage technology development. The international community since the mid-90s to lithium-ion batteries for space applications in basic research until the beginning of the 21st century began the engineering of space-based lithium-ion battery applications. 811 firmly seize this opportunity for development. Since 1998, the formation of the pre-study research group. No money, the Village approved a 10 million for special funding, first to carry out basic research and development of samples. In 2002, the completion of assembly, the former National Defense Science, Technology and Space Technology Group, a number of pre-research subject of the process, so that model is expected to go directly to supporting the adoption of lithium-ion battery testing and safety evaluation identified a number of tests and so on. August,2005，more than 1,000 days and nights, fighting in the companion front lithium-ion batteries scientific and technical personnel, workers and cadres heart to a thought, fresh to the one to make, are determined to do everything serious and painstaking work to ensure the safety of the astronauts return, never let product problems. Three years of hard work finally got fruit, God seven companion spacecraft after release to make room for the outstanding performance of fully sealed lithium-ion battery energy storage technology to shine.
Companion star relative to the energy storage power supply products Nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen battery, the weight of 10.24kg and a decrease of 3.9kg, so that the weight of energy storage power supply accounts for the proportion of the weight of the whole satellite companion from 26.69% and 16.10% down to 7.93%. At present, the 811 has formed a space fully sealed lithium-ion battery product line, and has been on Mars probe, the moon landing of two detectors and inspections of detectors 9 models selected.
As the third-generation lithium-ion batteries as a new space power in all aspects of very clear advantages, with the spacecraft models require traction and lithium-ion battery expertise and technological development, use lithium-ion batteries for energy storage power satellites, spacecraft and space stations and other spacecraft model will be more and more.
10 years, a small change in 30 years, a drastic change. People often say, “Ten years grinding sword.” Looking at 811 spacecraft energy storage power supply 30-year development history, the first a 10-year development of the nickel-cadmium battery energy storage technologies; the first two 10-year development of the high-voltage Ni-MH battery energy storage technologies; the first three 10-year development of the lithium-ion battery energy storage technologies, spending 30 years has basically realized the power of China’s spacecraft energy storage technology from the first generation of Ni-Cd battery products to the second-generation Ni-MH battery products and then to the third-generation lithium-ion battery product transition. 811 Spacecraft energy storage power supply technology development process of 30 years, confirmed a simple truth: science and technology is evolving, and only persist in reform and opening up, followed by the world’s new trend of scientific and technological development, persist in innovation and development in order to compete in the same industry neutral was undefeated.
